Psephotus Haematonotus -Eastern Creek, New South Wales, Australia -pair-8
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The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a common bird of south-eastern
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin.


Taxonomy

The red-rumped parrot was described by
John Gould John Gould (; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, ...
in 1838 as ''Platycercus haematonotus'' from a specimen collected in New South Wales. He felt it was intermediate between the genera '' Platycercus'' and ''Nanodes'', placing it in the former. He gave it its species name on account of its red rump. ould's species description appears in the meeting notes without a title./ref> It is the
type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
for the genus ''Psephotus''. It was long presumed to be closely related to the
mulga parrot The mulga parrot (''Psephotellus varius'') is endemic to arid scrublands and lightly timbered grasslands in the interior of southern Australia. The male mulga parrot is multicolored, from which the older common name of many-coloured parrot is der ...
, however analysis of multiple genetic material shows it to be an early offshoot of a group containing the genera '' Platycercus'' and '' Barnardius''. Hence all other species in the genus have been moved to the new genus ''
Psephotellus ''Psephotellus'' is a genus of medium sized Australian parrots. Four species found across the country are recognised, one is presumed to have become extinct. Description All species show considerable sexual dimorphism. These species have trad ...
'', leaving the red-rumped parrot as the sole member in the now monotypic genus. The IOC has designated red-rumped parrot as its official common name. It is also known as red-backed parrot and grass parrot.


Description

Red-rumped parrots are slim, moderate-sized
parrot Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoid ...
s approximately in length. The male's
plumage Plumage ( "feather") is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies and may vary with age classes. Within species, ...
is a bright emerald-green with yellow underparts, a brick-red rump and blue highlights on the wings and upper back. The female's plumage is less vibrant, with pale olive underparts, dull green wings and back and blue-black wingtips. The characteristic red rump is only found in the male.Collar, N., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Red-rumped Parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus'')
In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.


Behavior

Red-rumped parrots can be found in pairs or flocks in open country with access to water. They avoid the coast and the wetter, more heavily wooded areas. Clearing of large tracts of forest and the provision of water for stock has probably extended their range. They are often seen in suburban parks and gardens. Their green plumage provides such a good camouflage in ankle length grasses that they can hide quite effectively until the viewer is only 10–20 metres away. They spend a great deal of time feeding on the ground, and often call to one another with an attractive .


Breeding

Like many parrots, red-rumped parrots nest in tree hollows or similar places, including fenceposts and stumps. They lay 3-6 white eggs around 2 or so centimetres. Breeding usually takes place in spring (September-November); however, in the dryer inland areas, breeding can occur at any time of year in response to rainfall.


Aviculture

Red rumps are bred easily in captivity if provided with necessary flight space and a large nesting box. Breeders usually use peat and wood shavings as bedding for the nests, birds like to arrange the beds to their likings. As soon as mating has occurred the hen will deposit 4 to 7 eggs which she will brood for about 20 days. Red rump hens will not leave the nest box whilst on eggs and not even human checking will make them leave their eggs alone. The eggs will hatch around 30 days after laying. Care must be taken to remove the chicks as soon as they fledge or else the cock may attack his own offspring. One-year-old birds are sexually mature. Incubation from the second egg onwards. The brooding hen is fed by her partner outside the nest. Colour mutations have been bred through aviculture. Yellow red-rumped parrots are readily available in the market.


Housing

Red-rumped parrots do well in aviaries and cages. They do not like crowded spaces and will sometimes be aggressive towards other birds if they do not have enough space. Red-rumped parrots can also be hand-reared, provided that they have a large cage and are taken out of their cage on a daily basis to prevent boredom, as it may result in the parrot pulling out its feathers to occupy itself.


Lifespan

In captivity, if properly cared for, these birds will live from 15 to 32 years.


Notes


References


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q927398
red-rumped parrot The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a common bird of south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin. Taxonomy The red-rumped parrot was described by Joh ...
red-rumped parrot The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a common bird of south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin. Taxonomy The red-rumped parrot was described by Joh ...
Birds of South Australia Birds of Victoria (Australia) Endemic birds of Australia
red-rumped parrot The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a common bird of south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin. Taxonomy The red-rumped parrot was described by Joh ...
Taxa named by John Gould